The Fourier mass spectrometer used a strong electrical field to trap and excite ions and measure the resulting electrical signals.
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As example, the energy transfer upconversion process ( ETU ), consists in successive transfer processes between excited ions in the near infrared.
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But the highly charged atmosphere was as much from Woods'eagerly awaited return as it was from the overly excited ions snapping in the area.
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The excited ions can also decay spontaneously ( spontaneous emission ) or even through nonradiative processes involving interactions with phonons of the glass matrix.
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"' Cooperative luminescence "'is the radiative process in which two excited ions simultaneously make downward transition to emit one photon with the sum of their excitation energies.
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The excited ion emits light above the Si bandgap that is absorbed by the solar cell and creates an additional electron hole pair that can generate current.
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Cross-relaxation is a process in which an excited state ion transfers energy to a ground state ion of the same type producing two excited ions of intermediate energy.
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The pump laser excites ions into a higher energy from where they can decay via stimulated emission of a photon at the signal wavelength back to a lower energy level.
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The ground-state ion is formed by removal of an electron from the highest occupied molecular orbital, while excited ions are formed by removal of an electron from a lower occupied orbital.
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For example, Itano et al .'s methodology could be improved ( by lowering the time needed for state determination of the excited ion ) if a more efficient process were found for the detection of fluorescence radiation using 194 nm photons.
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